Throughout history there has been countless two-tier monetary systems where at times there have been a local currency issued by the immediate government, yet the people rely upon the currency of another government. Such periods are interesting for they are not official but emerge by the people rather than through a decree of a government. […]

The French Socialist MP Yann Galut, the deputy chairman of the new Commission on Tax Exile, told the press he intended to target French who have left the country and go after their assets regardless where they live. In a book I hope to have finished this year, I have covered the collapse of every […]

Resistance is Futile – 911 has indeed been the excuse to strip everyone of all rights whatsoever. Not merely is everyone being fingerprinted if you come to the United States, but now the latest advance will be a lie-detector. But it will NOT be limited to terrorists. Meet the border-official-avatar, who will ask you questions such […]

I have been warning that the objective of modern government everywhere is to eliminate cash to ensure 100% tax collection. There is absolutely NO INTENT to return to a gold standard and give up the ability to borrow whatever they desire forever (as they see it). It is now coming out that France intends to […]

The numbers for Japan in December would imply on the surface that capital inflows took place rather than outflows yet the yen declined. There are serious problems with the way  governments track capital/trade flows. They do not actually monitor anything but cash movement. This is a throw back to the fixed exchange era when if […]

We still see unemployment rising. The primary trend is the state and local government cannot print money and are the major source from which jobs will vanish. Of course there is the natural evolution of changes within the economy as it continues to evolve. That means there is some reduction in jobs due to the […]

Lawyers outside the USA handling Americans who live outside the country, amounting to 33% of the population of Canada, are reporting massive lines to resign their citizenship. One Swiss married to an American woman for 20 years, took their son to the local bank at age 14 to open his first account. They rejected him […]

470 F.3d 89 Martin A. ARMSTRONG, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Joseph R. GUCCIONE, United States Marshal for the Southern District of New York, and Marvin D. Morrison, Warden, Metropolitan Correctional Center, Respondents-Appellees, Alan M. Cohen, Intervenor Receiver-Appellee. Docket No. 04-5448-PR(L). Docket No. 05-0280-PR(CON). United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. Argued: January 24, 2006. Decided: November 27, […]

Refunding Certificate 1879 – Was a circulating bond. Due to an act of Congress in 1879 the Refunding Certificate was issued. The goal was to make government securities accessible to the public. The denomination was smallish at $10.00, putting the certificate within reach of most anyone. Refunding Certificates were to accrue interest at 4% per year indefinitely. In 1907 Congress passed a bill […]

  Aes Rude – Earliest form of Roman money whereby lumps of bronze traded by weight due to its utility value to be used to weapons or tools. Aes Grave – Early Roman bronze coinage that was cast into standardized coins with a recognizable image. Aes Signatum – Broze Ingots with an idealized intended weight […]