The question of TIME has puzzled humanity for millennia. What is it? Does it flow like a river or is it a simple dimension that can be transversed even traveling back to observe the past? Aristotle was one of the first to ponder what is TIME. His account of TIME in Physics IV.10-14, is where […]

Corporate Tax Rates are lower in former Communist countries. We have not learned the Lesson that Marxism Does not Work. Country                                                                     […]

List of modern Sovereign Debt Defaults or Debt Restructuring The following list includes actual sovereign defaults and debt restructuring of independent countries from 1800 till 2012 Africa Algeria (1991) Angola (1976, 1985, 1992-2002) Cameroon (2004) Central African Republic (1981, 1983) Congo (Kinshasa) (1979) Côte d’Ivoire (1983, 2000) Gabon (1999–2005) Ghana (1979, 1982) Liberia (1989–2006) Madagascar […]

The United States has fallen from the #1 place to live to #16 with Switzerland now grabbing the laurels. Here is a list of nations with 5 years GDP on a per capita growth basis. The USA has fallen to 107 on this list of 135 nations.  1 Myanmar 213.36%  2 China 151.17%  3 Uruguay […]

Monetary History of Russia The Russian Monetary System began also with cattle (skot) during the Kievan period. Skins of small animals and precious metals were used as fixed-value exchange rate based upon barter goods. Up until the end of the 12th century, cattle was the unit of account but commerce took place with the skins […]

NERO (54 – 68AD) Born 37 – Died 68 AD, Age 31 Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (Nero) was born on the 15th of December at Annum, a small Italian seaside community, in 37 AD. He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina Junior., daughter of Germanicus, sister of Caligula, and fourth wife to Emperor Claudius. Nero’s […]

Marc Antony Born 83 – Died 30 BC, age 53 Imperator, 46 – 30 BC Marcus Antonius was born in 83 BC, the son of Antonius Creticus and Julia, who was related to Julius Caesar. His father was a rather unsuccessful admiral who died early during his childhood. His mother remarried P. Cornelius Lentulus who raised him for most […]

BOOK FOUR INTRODUCTION ——————————————————————————– OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL economy, considered as a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator, proposes two distinct objects: first, to provide a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people, or more properly to enable them to provide such a revenue or subsistence for themselves; and secondly, […]

BOOK ONE OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS. OF LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS. PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE. CHAPTER I ——————————————————————————– Of the Division of Labour THE greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the […]

Under Construction Glossary of Money Terminology Historical Outline The Origins of Money Primitive Period Evolution of Banking Birth of Coinage 700-550 BC 550-450BC 450-350BC 350-250BC Great Empires Greece (Mint Marks of Alexander the Great) Egypt Carthage Judaea Roman Empire Republic Imperial Rome By Emperor (Roman Mint Marks)   Empires of the East Byzantium India Persia […]